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Solution for interview question: Reverse a String

1. Understanding the Problem

The task is to reverse a given string s.
We cannot use built-in reverse functions or slicing, so we’ll use a two-pointer approach to reverse the string by swapping characters from each end.

2. Initialize Two Pointers

Set up two pointers: left starting at the beginning of the string (0) and right starting at the end (length - 1).
These pointers will move towards each other, swapping characters until they meet in the middle.

def reverse_string(s: str) -> str:
    s = list(s)  # Convert string to list for in-place modification
    left, right = 0, len(s) - 1
    return left, right

3. Swap Characters Using a Third Variable

Inside a loop, swap the characters at left and right by storing one in a temporary variable.
After each swap, increment left and decrement right to move towards the center of the string.

def reverse_string(s: str) -> str:
    s = list(s)  # Convert string to list for in-place modification
    left, right = 0, len(s) - 1
    while left < right:
        # Swap using a temporary variable
        temp = s[left]
        s[left] = s[right]
        s[right] = temp
        left += 1
        right -= 1
    return ''.join(s)  # Convert list back to string

4. Handle Edge Cases

Handle edge cases, including:
- Empty strings, which should return an empty string.
- Single-character strings, which should return the string itself.
- Strings with spaces or special characters, which should be reversed as normal.

def reverse_string(s: str) -> str:
    if len(s) <= 1:  # Handle empty or single-character strings
        return s
    s = list(s)
    left, right = 0, len(s) - 1
    while left < right:
        temp = s[left]
        s[left] = s[right]
        s[right] = temp
        left += 1
        right -= 1
    return ''.join(s)

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